Museum Catalog

Medallion, 1643 France White metal Gift of Frederick M. Wiseman, #2017.3.8.1 Designed and struck in 1643, this medal commemorated the ascension of Louis XIV to the throne of France. Since he was only four at the time, his mother, Anne of Austria, served as chair of the ruling regency council. Made of light metal, most likely including lead, this medallion was used as a trade good with the indigenous people of North America. A loop braised onto the top of the medallion allowed it to be worn on a cord. When that loop wore out, an intricate beaded pouch was made by the Innu (Montagnais) owner. French in Vermont In 1609 Samuel de Champlain became the first European to set foot in the land that would eventually become Vermont. Paddling south on the lake that now bears his name, he encountered native peoples on both shores, mapped the landscape, and claimed the region for France. Within 50 years, French colonial ambitions from the north clashed with a rapidly growing English population to the south. European powers took advantage of long-standing inter-tribal animosities and used Native Americans as proxy raiding parties to devastating effect. In July of 1666 the French established a fort and settlement at Fort St. Anne in Isle La Motte, the first European settlement in Vermont. Over the next century, the French fortified Lake Champlain as far south as Crown Point, building Fort St. Frederick and Carillon (now Ticonderoga). King Louis XV established land grants, known as seigneuries, along the shores of Lake Champlain. French habitants, or settlers, slowly moved into the region. Ultimately, the English victory over the French and the resulting Treaty of Paris in 1763 put eastern North America solidly in English hands. French inhabitants remained in both Canada and Vermont, giving rise to the rich Quebecois culture.

2017.3

1643

Overall

Metal

Bead-Work Pouch, 19th Century Innu (Montagnais) Nitassinan Silk, linen, glass beads Gift of Frederick M. Wiseman, #2017.3.8.2 This bead-work pouch was created by an Innu craftsman to hold a French medallion offered in trade at some point after 1643. The Innu inhabit Nitassin (Our Land), an unceded area on the north shore of the Gulf of St. Lawrence in the Canadian-defined provinces of Quebec and Labrador. The Innu share a related language and allied with neighbors the Atikamekw, Maliseet, and Algonquin peoples, including the Abenaki. Samuel de Champlain interacted extensively with the Innu and established Quebec City within Nitassin. Innu guides directed him throughout much of travels, including the trip to what is now called Lake Champlain where he helped defeat an Iroquois war party at Ticonderoga. This pouch, and the medallion it contained, made its way to an Abenaki family and represents the interplay of various indigenous cultures as well as with French "habitants."

2017.3

Chester

Windsor County

Vermont

United States of America

North America

Overall

Linen, Silk, Beads, Ribbon

19th Century